Every year, millions of cattle are transported from point A to point B. Transportation will likely be the most stressful event a cow will face in their lifetime. As producers, it is our job to follow best management practices to provide the best animal care and welfare as possible. Reducing stress on livestock during handling and transportation will greatly help to reduce sickness and bruising, maintain meat quality and ensure cattle go back on feed quicker. 

There are several steps a producer should take before livestock step foot on the trailer. The highest priority is safety. Make sure the trailer is clean and free of any sharp objects. Other important factors to consider when cattle are being transported include loading conditions, time in transit, weather conditions, segregation of different sexes and weight classes into separate trailer compartments, driver experience and the health/physical condition of the animals. Whatever can be done to reduce or eliminate stressors before, during and after transportation will help to reduce stress and shrinkage.

Loading & Unloading 

Depending on the methods used, loading and unloading cattle may be as stressful or even more stressful than the trip itself. Having well-designed facilities as well as trained handlers who are familiar with low-stress techniques can dramatically decrease the stress cattle experience during the transportation process.

Comingling

When possible, it is best to ship cattle that are familiar with each other and come from the same source. Being shipped with unfamiliar cattle can increase stress and likelihood of sickness and disease.

Preparation

There is a large benefit to finishing the weaning process before calves are shipped to the feedlot. By weaning calves at least 45 days prior to shipping date, stress levels will be dramatically decreased. By allowing them to properly recover from the stress of weaning before shipping, there will be less chance of sickness upon arrival. Cattle should also be well fed and hydrated before loading. Giving cattle access to familiar feed before and after shipping will help to combat shrinkage as much as possible.

Sanitation & Air Quality

With poor ventilation, sanitation and air quality, there is an increased risk of disease in the cattle. Therefore, trailer designs that improve air flow and quality can help to greatly reduce the chance of cattle getting sick during transport. Overcrowding of trucks can also contribute to poor air quality and should be avoided. The cleaner the trailer the cattle are being hauled in, the less likely it is carrying pathogens that could put them at risk. If possible, trailers should be properly cleaned between each load.

Timing

Knowing when to transport cattle can have a large impact on stress and amount of shrink. Handling stress from the heat and cold can be hard to predict and control. Planning cattle handling and shipping with consideration to weather and temperature can help to reduce negative effects during transport. 

Sources: Washington State University Extension, Progressive Cattle